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Text File | 1994-09-20 | 6.8 KB | 215 lines | [TEXT/RLAB] |
- #
- #MDSMAX [x, fmax, nf] = MDSMAX(fun, x0, STOPIT, SAVIT) attempts to
- # maximize the function specified by the string fun, using the
- # starting vector x0. The method of multi-directional search is used.
- # Output arguments:
- # x = vector yielding largest function value found,
- # fmax = function value at x,
- # nf = number of function evaluations.
- # The iteration is terminated when either
- # - the relative size of the simplex is <= STOPIT(1)
- # (default 1e-3),
- # - STOPIT(2) function evaluations have been performed
- # (default inf, i.e., no limit), or
- # - a function value equals or exceeds STOPIT(3)
- # (default inf, i.e., no test on function values).
- # The form of the initial simplex is determined by STOPIT(4):
- # STOPIT(4) = 0: regular simplex (sides of equal length, the default)
- # STOPIT(4) = 1: right-angled simplex.
- # Progress of the iteration is not shown if STOPIT(5) = 0 (default 1).
- # If a non-empty fourth parameter string SAVIT is present, then
- # `SAVE SAVIT x fmax nf' is executed after each inner iteration.
- # NB: x0 can be a matrix. In the output argument, in SAVIT saves,
- # and in function calls, x has the same shape as x0.
-
- # This implementation uses 2n elements of storage (two simplices), where x0
- # is an n-vector. It is based on the algorithm statement in [2, sec.3],
- # modified so as to halve the storage (with a slight loss in readability).
-
- # References:
- # [1] V.J. Torczon, Multi-directional search: A direct search algorithm for
- # parallel machines, Ph.D. Thesis, Rice University, Houston, Texas, 1989.
- # [2] V.J. Torczon, On the convergence of the multi-directional search
- # algorithm, SIAM J. Optimization, 1 (1991), pp. 123-145.
- # [3] N.J. Higham, Optimization by direct search in matrix computations,
- # Numerical Analysis Report No. 197, University of Manchester, UK, 1991;
- # to appear in SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl, 14 (2), April 1993.
-
- # By Nick Higham, Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, UK.
- # na.nhigham@na-net.ornl.gov
- # July 27, 1991.
-
- #
- # Translated to RLaB, Ian Searle
- # Febuary 1994.
- #
-
- # Dependencies
- rfile rem
-
- mdsmax = function (fun, X, stopit, savit)
- {
- global (eps)
-
- x = X; # Copy input
- n = prod(size(x));
- x0 = x[:]; # Work with column vector internally.
-
- mu = 2; # Expansion factor.
- theta = 0.5; # Contraction factor.
-
- # Set up convergence parameters etc.
- if (!exist(stopit)) { stopit[1] = 1e-3; }
- tol = stopit[1]; # Tolerance for cgce test based on relative size of simplex.
- if (max(size(stopit)) == 1) { stopit[2] = inf(); } # Max no. of f-evaluations.
- if (max(size(stopit)) == 2) { stopit[3] = inf(); } # Default target for f-values.
- if (max(size(stopit)) == 3) { stopit[4] = 0; } # Default initial simplex.
- if (max(size(stopit)) == 4) { stopit[5] = 1; } # Default: show progress.
- trace = stopit[5];
- if (!exist(savit)) { savit = []; } # File name for snapshots.
-
- V = [zeros(n,1), eye(n,n)]; T = V;
- f = zeros(n+1,1); ft = f;
- V[;1] = x0;
- x = reshape (x0, x.nr, x.nc);
- f[1] = fun (x);
- fmax_old = f[1];
-
- if (trace) { printf("f(x0) = %9.4e\n", f[1]); }
-
- k = 0; m = 0;
-
- # Set up initial simplex.
- scale = max([norm(x0,"i"),1]);
- if (stopit[4] == 0)
- {
- # Regular simplex - all edges have same length.
- # Generated from construction given in reference [18, pp. 80-81] of [1].
- alpha = scale / (n*sqrt(2)) * [ sqrt(n+1)-1+n, sqrt(n+1)-1 ];
- V[;2:n+1] = (x0 + alpha[2]*ones(n,1)) * ones(1,n);
- for (j in 2:n+1)
- {
- V[j-1;j] = x0[j-1] + alpha[1];
- x = reshape (V[;j], x.nr, x.nc);
- f[j] = fun (x);
- }
- else
- # Right-angled simplex based on co-ordinate axes.
- alpha = scale*ones(n+1,1);
- for (j in 2:n+1)
- {
- V[;j] = x0 + alpha[j]*V[;j];
- x = reshape (V[;j], x.nr, x.nc);
- f[j] = fun (x);
- }
- }
- nf = n+1;
- msize = 0; # Integer that keeps track of expansions/contractions.
- flag_break = 0; # Flag which becomes true when ready to quit outer loop.
-
- while (1) ###### Outer loop.
- {
- k = k+1;
-
- # Find a new best vertex x and function value fmax = f(x).
- fmax = max (f); j = maxi (f);
- V[;1,j] = V[;j,1];
- v1 = V[;1];
- if (!isempty(savit)) { x = reshape(v1, x,nr, x.nc); write ("savit", x,fmax,nf); }
- f[1,j] = f[j,1];
- if (trace)
- {
- printf("Iter. %2.0f, inner = %2.0f, size = %2.0f, ", k, m, msize);
- printf("nf = %3.0f, f = %9.4e (%2.1f)\n", nf, fmax, ...
- 100*(fmax-fmax_old)/(abs(fmax_old)+eps));
- }
- fmax_old = fmax;
-
- # Stopping Test 1 - f reached target value?
- if (fmax >= stopit[3])
- {
- msg = "Exceeded target...quitting\n";
- break # Quit.
- }
-
- m = 0;
- while (1) ### Inner repeat loop.
- {
- m = m+1;
-
- # Stopping Test 2 - too many f-evals?
- if (nf >= stopit[2])
- {
- msg = "Max no. of function evaluations exceeded...quitting\n";
- flag_break = 1;
- break # Quit.
- }
-
- # Stopping Test 3 - converged? This is test (4.3) in [1].
- size_simplex = norm(V[;2:n+1] - v1[;ones(1,n)],"1") / max([1, norm(v1,"1")]);
- if (size_simplex <= tol)
- {
- sprintf(msg, "Simplex size %9.4e <= %9.4e...quitting\n", ...
- size_simplex, tol);
- flag_break = 1;
- break # Quit.
- }
-
- for (j in 2:n+1) # ---Rotation (reflection) step.
- {
- T[;j] = 2*v1 - V[;j];
- x = reshape (T[;j], x.nr, x.nc);
- ft[j] = fun (x);
- }
- nf = nf + n;
-
- replaced = ( max(ft[2:n+1]) > fmax );
-
- if (replaced)
- {
- for (j in 2:n+1) # ---Expansion step.
- {
- V[;j] = (1-mu)*v1 + mu*T[;j];
- x = reshape (V[;j], x.nr, x.nc);
- f[j] = fun (x);
- }
- nf = nf + n;
- # Accept expansion or rotation?
- if (max(ft[2:n+1]) > max(f[2:n+1]))
- {
- V[;2:n+1] = T[;2:n+1];
- f[2:n+1] = ft[2:n+1]; # Accept rotation.
- else
- msize = msize + 1; # Accept expansion (f and V already set).
- }
- else
- for (j in 2:n+1) # ---Contraction step.
- {
- V[;j] = (1+theta)*v1 - theta*T[;j];
- x = reshape (V[;j], x.nr, x.nc);
- f[j] = fun (x);
- }
- nf = nf + n;
- replaced = ( max(f[2:n+1]) > fmax );
- # Accept contraction (f and V already set).
- msize = msize - 1;
- }
-
- if (replaced) { break }
- if (trace && rem(m,10) == 0)
- {
- printf(" ...inner = %2.0f...\n",m);
- }
- } ### Of inner repeat loop.
-
- if (flag_break) { break }
-
- } ###### Of outer loop.
-
- # Finished.
- if (trace) { printf(msg); }
- x = reshape (v1, x.nr, x.nc);
-
- return << x = x; fmax = fmax; nf = nf>>;
- };
-